AVR单片机熔丝位(Fuse)快速入门

AVR Studio 中 STK500 处理熔丝位有巨大的优势：它是以功能组合让用户配置。 这种方式与小马(PnoyProg2000,SL-ISP)相比，具有以下的优势(优势是如此明显，可以用“巨大优势”来形容)：     1. 有效避免因不熟悉熔丝位让芯片锁死 (这是初学者的恶梦)     2. 不需要靠记忆与查文档，就能配置熔丝位(这也是初学者的恶梦)

操作界面如下： (注意：下图中，)。

上图的资料整理如下(该表下面有中文翻译与说明)：

On-Chip Debug EnabLED; [OCDEN=0]JTAG Interface Enabled; [JTAGEN=0]Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; [SPIEN=0]Preserve EEPROM memory through the Chip Erase cycle; [EESAVE=0]128 words Boot start address=$1F80; [BOOTSZ=11]256 words Boot start address=$1F00; [BOOTSZ=10]512 words Boot start address=$1E00; [BOOTSZ=01]1024 words Boot start address=$1C00; [BOOTSZ=00] ; default valueEnabled (default address=$0000); [BOOTRST=0](operation dependent of CKSEL fuses); [CKOPT=0]level at VCC=4.0 V; [BODLEVEL=0]level at VCC=2.7 V; [BODLEVEL=1]enabled; [BODEN=0]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=00]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=01]Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=10]1; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=00]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=01]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=10]; default value; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=00]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=10]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=00]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=01]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=10]; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=01]; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=11]; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=01]; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=11].; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=01]E; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=10]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=11].; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=00]; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=01]; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=10]; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=11]; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=00]; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=01]; Start-up time: 32K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=11].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=11].; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=11].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=11].; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=11].; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=00].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=01].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=10].; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=11]

上表的英文翻译说明如下：

英文中文On-Chip Debug Enabled片内 调试 使能JTAG Interface EnabledJTAG 接口 使能Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled串行编程下载(SPI) 使能 (ISP下载时该位不能修改)Preserve EEPROM memory through the Chip Erase cycle;芯片擦除时EEPROM的内容保留Boot Flash section size=xxxx words引导(Boot)区大小为xxx个词Boot start address=$yyyy;引导(Boot)区开始地址为 $yyyyBoot Reset vectorEnabled引导(Boot)、复位 向量 使能Brown-out detectionlevel at VCC=xxxx V;掉电检测的电平为 VCC=xxxx 伏Brown-out detectionenabled;掉电检测使能Start-up time: xxx CK + yy ms启动时间 xxx 个时钟周期 + yy 毫秒Ext. CLOCk;外部时钟Int. RC Osc.内部 RC(阻容) 振荡器Ext. RC Osc.外部 RC(阻容) 振荡器Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal;外部 低频 晶体Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq外部晶体/陶瓷振荡器 低频Ext. Crystal/ResonatorMedium Freq外部晶体/陶瓷振荡器 中频Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq外部晶体/陶瓷振荡器 高频

注：以上中文是对照 ATmega16的中、英文版本数据手册而翻译。尽量按照了官方的中文术语。

 

应用举例：

比如我们想使用片内的RC振荡(即不需要接晶振)，可以选择选择下面三者之一：    Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=00]    Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=01]    Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=10]比如我们想使用外部7.3728M晶振，可以选择选择下面三者之一：.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=00]    或后面与.;.... 有关的选择。

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